Visiting is the Modhera Sun Temple is one of my favourite places to visit near Ahmedabad for one day. Read why Ahmedabad to Modhera Sun Temple is an easy and must-do trip.

India is famous for its temples; their architecture, their cultural importance and how they existed through centuries declaring them as UNESCO Heritage Sites. Indian temples worship a lot of things and one of them is the Sun! Modhera hosts one of the Sun temples in India. The sun has been so important to the village that now a 6 MW solar plant, coupled with a 15 MWh battery energy storage system, is installed to meet the town’s day and night electricity requirements. Modhera is India’s first solar village.

Sun God or Surya Dev: Why is the Sun worshipped?

Sun god is worshipped across cultures and for many centuries. Most ancient cultures worshipped the sun in and of itself, regularly bowing before it as the most potent force in the universe, to which they owed gratitude, obedience and adoration. The Egyptians respect the deity Ra (‘sun’), depicted in their sculpture as a falcon-headed god with a solar disk over his head. The Aztecs enchanted sacred poetry to Tonatiuh, the sun god, and the ancient Celts expressed piety to Grannus, god both of the sun and wisdom. In the Native American cultures, such as the Iroquois and Plains peoples, the sun was recognized as a life-giving force. Many of the Plains tribes still perform a Sun Dance each. In MesoAmerican cultures, the sun was associated with kingship, and many rulers claimed divine rights by way of their direct descent from the sun.

In India, according to Hindu mythology, Hindus refer to the sun as unlimited energy storage. Hence in olden times, sun temples were constructed to revere the sun god. Over 10 temples are present in various parts of India for sun salutation. Having been to Konark Sun temple already, I eagerly wanted to visit Modhera Sun Temple.

History of Modhera Sun Temple, Gujarat

The Sun temple of Modhera was built by Rishabh Bhimdev – I of the Solanki dynasty. The Solankis were great architects and their creations are a testament to the bygone era that still stands strong. The Solankis were considered to be the descendants of the Sun God and the Modhera Surya Mandir was constructed as an offering to the Sun God. The temple was designed in such a way that the first rays of the sun illuminate the sanctum during the equinox. 

The Surya idol was robbed by Mahmud Ghazni who took the original idol that was carved in gold. And then later the temple was destroyed by Allauddin Khilji. Due to this, no ceremonial worships or offerings take place in the present day. However, the temple walls still maintain a grandeur that is enough to mesmerize visitors.

My visit to Sun Temple Modhera

I knew I had to take a guided tour to know about the architecture in detail. As soon as I entered the complex, I was surrounded by guides who offered themselves to educate me with all the information about the temple. After a good deal, I caved in.

Architecture of Modhera Sun Temple

The guide informed us all about the Modhera Sun Temple. The temple is divided into three parts namely Surya Kund (stepwell), Sabha Mandap (assembly hall) and Guda Mandap (sanctum sanctorum). The main temple faces east so that the rays of the sunlit the idol carved in the main shrine. The temple is a depiction of the sun and its unity with earth’s elements – air, water, soil & space. 

The temple is made using lime mortar and is a classic example of art on the wall. The temple follows the principles of Vastu Shilpa.  The temple structure is designed in such a way that it resembles a flowering lotus.

We started our exploration of the complex with Surya Kund.

Modhera Sun Temple is a popular spot for photography, painting pre-wedding photoshoots

Surya Kund

Surya Kund – is the perfect example of geometry from the 11th century. Surya Kund is a stepwell which is 4 stories below the ground. This water reservoir’s rectangular design and innumerable steps leading to the water base reminded me of the Panna Meena ka Kund, Jaipur. There are three main shrines on the three sides of the kund dedicated to Lord Vishnu, Lord Ganesha and Lord Shiva’s avatar Natraja. The kund is adorned with 108 miniature temples carved in the corners and in between the steps that are dedicated to gods and demigods.

During its glory when the temple deity was present, devotees were required to perform ablutions before entering the temple.

The guide requested us to spend time at the kund after the entire visit was over.

Sabha Mandap

The pillared hall welcomes the visitors on entering the main temple. Also known as the hall of religious gathering, it is open from all sides and has 52 intricately carved pillars that represent 52 weeks in a year. The carvings are scenes from important events from Ramayana, Mahabharat and Krishna Leela.

Between the Sabha Mandap and the Sanctum Sanctorum is another hall with pillars and arches. The walls depict 12 aspects of Sun God in each month of the year.

Sanctum Sanctorum

By this time I was dumbstruck to imagine an engineer who constructed this wonder in the year 1026 and executed it with such skilled craftsmanship.

Upon entering the Sanctum Sanctorum, the guide informed us that the Lotus flower is considered the Sun God’s flower. This is why the temple design is based on the inverted lotus-base plinth.  It was designed in such a way that the sun rays of the rising and setting sun on equinox days (20th March and 21st September) fell on the bejewelled pure gold idol.

Exterior Wall Sculptures

The exterior walls of the temple are extensively carved with idols symbolizing the gods Indra, Varuna and Vishwakarma. There are many erotic carvings on the walls which symbolize the human cycle of birth and death.

Modhera Dance Festival 

Historically known as the Uttarardh Mahotsav based on the planetary and astronomical configuration of the Sun. The festival also marks the rotation of the sun around the earth when winters come to an end and summers start. 

The state government organizes an annual Modhera Dance festival that includes thrilling dance performances and musical programmes overlooking the temple. The Modhera Dance Festival is celebrated in the third week of January after the festival of Uttarayan. It is conducted to celebrate the art, dance form, and culture of India and is a 3 day fair.

The temple is decked up in colourful lights for the festival.

3D Light and Sound show at Modhera Sun Temple

The Indian Prime Minister recently inaugurated the 3D Light and Sound show at Modhera Temple Light Show wherein the entire temple complex including the Surya Kund is illuminated with lights. The history and architecture are explained through 3D lights and sound systems. The Modhera Light and Sound show will run every day between 7 pm to 7.30 pm.

Modhera Surya Mandir timing

Modhera Sun Temple is open from 8 am to 6 pm. 

Sun Temple Modhera entry fee

INR 40 for Indian Nationals and INR 600 for Foreign Nationals. Photography is included in this fee but tripods and drones are not allowed. Prior permission needs to be obtained for drone shooting.

Best time to visit Modhera Sun Temple

Mornings and evenings are the best time to visit the sun temple as the weather is very pleasant.

Month wise, Gujarat is extremely hot during summers with temperatures rising up to 45 degrees. Monsoon is humid making it better than summer but still uncomfortable to walk. Winters are the best season to visit Gujarat.

How to reach Modhera Surya Mandir

By road

Ahmedabad to Modhera is well connected through Mahesana. From Ahmedabad, you can get a GSRTC bus from the Bus stand. The best option is to reach the Adalaj crossroad and hire a bus. If you don’t get a direct bus, you can take the bus to Mahesana (Frequency – 15 – 20 mins). From Mahesana, you can hire a Jeep, and Rickshaw to reach Modhera (30 km). Same for Modhera to Ahmedabad.

By train

The nearest railway station to Modhera is Mehsana. From there, visitors can hire a cab or bud till Modhera.

By flight

The nearest airport to Modhera is the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad, at a distance of about 94 kilometres. Ahmedabad has good connectivity to many domestic and international airports. From Ahmedabad, visitors can travel by road to Modhera, either by hiring a cab or by bus operated by GSRTC (Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation).

Hotels near Modhera Sun Temple

Since most people prefer a one day trip from Ahmedabad, the accommodation options in Modhera are fewer. Patan is a bigger town and hence has a few mid-range hotels in case you want to extend your stay. 

Hotel The Grand Piano

The Grand Raveta

Places to visit near Modhera 

Patan

Patan to Modhera is a common travel circuit. Situated only 35 km away from each other it can easily be combined for a visit together.Patan is beautiful offering many places to see. There are temples, such as Panchasara Parshvanath Jain Derasar, the Kapur Mehta Na Pado and Mahavir Swami Derasar. Patan is also famous for Rani-ki-Vav, the stepwell featured on Rs. 100 currency note. Paan is also famous for the heritage Patola saree. One can witness the silk weaving of Patola saree in Patan Patola Heritage Museum.

Vadnagar

Vadnagar is 65 km away and offers many heritage places. The fanous Kirti Toran of Vadnagar,

Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple, Mehta ni Vav Sharmishtha Lake Vadnagar and Tana Riri Garden are some of the places to visit in Vadnagar. Read more here: Heritage places in Vadnagar

Sidhpur

Sidhpur is a humble little town that has a powerful place in history and mythology. It was here on the banks of the Saraswati River that the great warrior Parasurama performed the last rites of his mother, making Sidhpur a sacred pilgrimage among Hindu devotees honoring their maternal ancestors. Sidhpur has two protected national monuments namely: Ruins of Rudra Mahalaya Temple and the Jami Masjid that attract tourists here.

Vohravad

Built in a distinctive architectural style, the Vohrawad are rows of narrow, deep mansions, about three to four storeys high, along the main street. These houses belong to the Vohra community, a Shia Muslim trading community from Gujaratin. These houses are peculiar as they have a strong European character with gabled roofs, ornate balconies, columns, decorated doors and are painted in pastel shades. 

FAQs

Is a combined visit possible to Modhera and Patan?

Yes. Most visitors combine a visit to Modhera and Patan. It is a perfect one day trip from Ahmedabad.

Which is the deity in the Modhera Sun Temple?

The Modhera Sun Temple is dedicated to Sun God. But since the idol was robbed there is no deity in the temple at present.  as the name suggests is dedicated to the Sun God. 

The Sun temple in Modhera was built during the reign of the Solanki king, Bhima I, however, there is no record of who the architect of the temple was.

Sustainable travel tips for Modhera Surya Mandir

• Being an ancient heritage site which is already dwindling with age, respect the structures by not sitting on them. Sit outside the temple in the garden.
• Do not harm the structures by carving or writing on it
• Do not enter places which are closed off, there’s a reason why they are closed.
• Throw your garbage in the dustbins located at the entrance of each temple.

Read about other posts in Gujarat

• Statue of Unity Guide- Day trip from Ahmedabad
• Bhuj – Gateway to Rann Utsav
• Rann Utsav at Tent City
• Places to visit in Jamnagar
• Things to do in Vadodara
• Girnar Ropeway

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On a family trip to Bhopal, while I was looking for places to visit in Bhopal, Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple popped up.

Only 14 km away from the resort, I read about the Bhojpur temple near Bhopal and the more I read the more intrigued I became to visit it. I booked an Uber for a to and fro visit (I will talk about it later in the post) and headed there. My Uber driver decided to be my guide for the visit and told me many things about the Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple, Bhopal.

Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple – History and Legend

The quiet town of Bhojpur in Madhya Pradesh is famous for the Bhojeshwar temple also known as Bhojpur temple, Bhopal). It was built by Raja Bhoj of the Paramara dynasty – the same Rajput king who also founded the city of Bhopal.

According to the legends, the Bhojpur Shiva temple was built in a day in the 11th century. However, the construction was never completed. It is said that Raja Bhoj shifted his focus and resources towards the Somnath temple that was being attacked by the Mughals. Before he could take up the pending work of Bhojeshwar temples, he passed away and the construction remained incomplete. Others say that Raja Bhoj wanted to build this temple in one day and so it remained incomplete after the day’s work.

Excavations at Bhojeshwar Mandir, Bhojpur

It is said that for many years the temple was just a big pile of rocks and stones. On clearing it, it was found that the roof had a gaping hole. For 1000 years the lingam was open to the sky with water pouring down every monsoon and the lingam was damaged. It was only later that ASI managed to repair it in its former glory. A fibreglass cast with an appropriate design for the dome was placed. Currently, the dome appears to be supported on the back of 8 heavenly bodies playing various musical instruments. The damaged lingam was also repaired.

The excavations also revealed that the intent was to build more temples in this place – like a temple complex in Khajuraho.

Bhojeshwar temple in Bhojpur – Madhya Pradesh

As my cab took a turn on the bridge of Betwa River, he pointed towards the rocky sandstone escarpment where a huge structure was seen from a large distance. He shared a memory from his childhood where they would visit this Shiva temple on weekends, take a dip in the Betwa river waters, cross the river on a small boat and reach the caves on the opposite side.

As I inched closer, I marvelled at the ancient architecture. Shops selling puja material now dotted both sides of the road. The car slowed down near an entrance gate and I was surrounded by local shop owners to buy garlands, flowers and leaves for the temple. I respectfully declined and walked towards the temple.

A huge area with stones is the topography around the temple. I stop to read the ASI information board where a monkey joins me and another steals a polybag from a devotee that has a coconut.

I laugh at the notorious monkeys and climb the 20 steep steps to reach the temple. The main Bhojeshwar Shiva temple overlooks 2 small temples that house a Nandi and a small Shivling.

Unlike other temples in India such as Mahakuta Temples, Trimbakeshwar Temple, Kamakhya temple that are adorned with intricately carved sculptures, the walls at Bhojpur Shiva temple, Bhopal are plain. The front façade has idols of gods, goddesses and apsaras. 

Right before entering the garbhagriha (inner sanctum), I noticed a line drawing on a stone. This is a blueprint of Bhojeshwar Shiva temples with details of temple layout, elevation, and pillars. 

I am not prepared for the sheer mightiness of the Shivlinga that stands in the garbhagriha. Four colossal pillars, nearly 40-feet high, hold up a domed ceiling with intricate floral carvings including an inverted lotus. The four brackets that support the cornerstones have sculptures of Shiva-Parvati, Brahma-Savitri, Lakshmi-Narayana and Sita-Rama. At the centre, a three-tiered plinth called Yoni Pitha holds a monolithic 22-foot high Shivalinga. 

I go down to the ground level for a Parikrama of the idol and marvel at the architecture. I feel really tiny overlooking the Shivlinga.

I am engulfed with the Bhojpur temple as it is one of the grandest and tallest Shivling in India, built out of a single rock. 

I finish my Parikrama and rest on the stairs engulfed in the divinity, the cool breeze and lost in the architectural amazement.

Best time to visit Bhojeshwar Temple, Bhopal

Weather-wise Bhojpur has a similar climate as Bhopal meaning summers are harsh and the stone surrounding makes the floor hot to walk on. Monsoon and Winter is the best time to visit this Shiva Temple.

The best time to visit is early morning or late evening when it is cooler and you can spend time around the temple. If you are clubbing the trip with Bhojeshwar temple and Bhimbetka Caves, then visit the temple early in the morning. 

Resorts and Hotels in Bhojpur

Bhojpur being a village doesn’t have any hotels. The nearest city to Bhojpur being Bhopal has many accommodation options. The Hoshangabad highway is the nearest to Bhojpur and has many resorts on the road. Some of the options are

Heritage Places in Bhopal: Noor-us-Sabah Palace, Jahan Numa Palace

Resorts in Bhopal: Kanha Palm Springs, Cherry Stay Holiday Homes & Resort

Hotels in Bhopal: Sayaji Bhopal, Hotel Shree Vatika

Homestay: Jheelam Homestay, Peacock Hill Homestay

How to reach Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple?

By Air: Nearest Airport is Bhopal. From there you may take a public bus or hire a cab.

By Train: Nearest Train Station is Bhopal. From there you may take a public bus or hire a cab.

By Road: There are plenty of private and public buses. One may also take a cab for a round trip. 

FAQs about Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple | Bhojpur Temple

Is Bhojeshwar Temple really a temple?

There are theories that indicate that this temple was more a memorial or funerary monument to Raja Bhoj’s father or uncles like the Chhatris or cenotaphs. There was also practice to build temples over the remains of a human being to hasten his journey to the heavens!

Why is Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple called the unfinished temple?

The Mandapa (pillared hall) that is generally present in all Hindu temples does not exist.

The Shikhara main body (tower) is also absent. In spite of this, people have continued to worship in the temple since the 11th century, due to the presence of Shiva Lingam. 

Why was Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple left unfinished?

While there is no definite answer, according to legends these are some of the answers.

• Lack of financial resources 
• Natural calamities such as earthquakes 
• Towards the end of Bhoja reign there were impending wars.
• Raja Bhoj’s deteriorating health
• A calculation mistake that resulted in the roof collapsing that damaged the Shivalinga. As per Hindu Scriptures (Agamas) , one cannot worship in a temple whose idol is damaged. Hence Raja Bhoj  might have stopped the work.

Is Bhojpur Shiva temple open right now?

With the ever-changing COVID-19 guidelines by the Madhya Pradesh state and the country, it is best to check before going. More details can be found on the MP Tourism official website.

Do’s and Don’ts to plan a trip to Bhojpur 

• Bhojpur town and its nearby areas are extremely hot during the day. I visited in mid-February afternoon but the sun was still too harsh. It is best to carry a cap/hat/stole and sunglasses. 
• Wear clothes that are loose, comfortable and sweat absorbing.
• Wear a pair of comfortable footwear as you will climb steps and walk in the temple premises.
• Carry a bottle of water and some snacks for a quick hunger bite. Keep the snacks tucked in a bag so as not to be visible to the resident monkeys. They will snatch it away!
• Photography is allowed at Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple. 
• It is ideal to club a trip to Bhojpur with Bhimbetka caves from Bhopal.

Sustainable tips to visit Bhojeshwar Shiva Temple

• Like every Hindu temple, devotees are not allowed to wear shoes. Socks are allowed.
• Respect the Hindu culture and do not wear clothes that show too much skin. Cover your shoulders and knees.
• Throw your garbage in the dustbins located at the entrance of each temple.
• Treat the temple premises with respect and do not use them for picnics.

Do Indian temples fascinate you? Read about 

Rock-cut Badami Cave Temples

Modhera Sun temple

Aihole Temple Town

Konark Sun Temple

Other articles from Madhya Pradesh

Places to visit in Indore

Plan a trip to Mandu Madhya Pradesh

Places to visit in Orchha

Places to visit in Pachmarhi Madhya Pradesh

A food walk through Chappan Dukan, Indore

Disclaimer: This article includes affiliate links. It means it adds no extra cost to you if you book through the link but I get a referral bonus which helps me earn a little to keep this website up and running.

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Vadnagar History – Finding the lost city at Vadnagar Gujarat

The history of Vadnagar is known to have existed 2500 years ago and has been mentioned in the ancient Hindu texts. An extremely prosperous town, it attracted many rulers and invaders. Vadnagar was known as Chamatkarpur (translated to Magic). The name of Chamatkarpur was given as the ruling king got healed of leprosy by taking bath in the magical waters of the town. 

Chamatkarpur later became Anartapur, the capital of Anarta Pradesh, a prosperous state during the Mahabharata period. During the first century, the town excelled in arts, literature, culture, and music.

In 632 AD, the Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator, Xuanzang visited the then Anandapur. In his books, he mentioned the city as a rich establishment with lots of temples and a growing Buddhist impact.

Vadnagar got its much-deserved glory during the Solanki Dynasty. The Solankis not only revived the culture of the city but also built up many archaeological sites that are still evident today. They built a citadel with six gates that guarded and surrounded the city. They also built many religious places of worship, step-wells and palaces. 

Unfortunately, Vadnagar was attacked by Delhi Sultanate and remained under the control of Muslim rulers for a long time till Marathas attacked Vadnagar in 1726 AD. these invasions almost completely destroyed the city.

Vadnagar got its name much later due to the existence of many Banyan trees. Vad translates to Banyan and Nagar to town. Another city in Gujarat that received a name from Banyan tree is Vadodara.

Check out: Things to do in Vadodara

Vadnagar Heritage

Vadnagar has seen many rulers throughout the invasions for many centuries. It was only a matter of time that Vadnagar in the Mehsana district received the attention of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to reveal the many interesting archaeological excavations. These excavations have stunned not only the ASI staff but the locals.

Vadnagar excavations prove that Vadnagar’s existence since Harappan times. It is home to a Buddhist monastery that was built between the 2nd and 7th centuries. The monastery is known for its stupas and also has an open central courtyard. Nine cells constructed around the monastery were raised in such a manner that they created a pattern resembling the swastika, a holy Hindu symbol. 

Vadnagar is also known for its Hindu and Jain temples and beautiful torans. In order to honour the ancient city of Vadnagar for its history and architecture, the world’s largest ‘Heritage Museum’ after Athens is being built.

Heritage places to visit in Vadnagar, Gujarat, an ancient city

Vadnagar deserves a one day trip from Ahmedabad to explore everything that it has to offer. The most significant places to see in Vadnagar are listed below.

Kirti Toran, Vadnagar Gujarat

Toran in the local langue means a decorative hanging. Torans are used to decorate the main entrance of the home in Gujarat as a welcome sign. The tradition of Torans is age-old in the Indian household. Although Torans are now put up on festivals in homes, temples still have decorative torans made from fresh flowers, asopalav leaves or embroidered. 

Having dined at Toran Restaurants all over Gujarat, it was only after coming to Vadnagar that I came to know the origins of Toran. Toran in Vadnagar is much grander and larger than life. Kirti Toran Vadnagar is a sacred gateway made from yellow and red sandstone consisting of two upright pillars carrying three transverse lintels that are minutely carved with symbolic sculpture.

Situated on the western flanks of Sharmishtha Lake, Kirti Toran symbolises Vadnagar. The two intricately carved columns were made in the 12th century and support an arch are 40 feet in height. 

These torans or entrance gates are believed to be a regular feature of Solanki architecture. They are carved with battle scenes and hunting scenes. The name Kirti means victory and it is believed that these columns were erected to celebrate post-war victory.

Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple, Vadnagar

Vadnagar is also known as the temple city in Mehsana district. One of the most prominent temples in Vadnagar is Vadnagar Hatkeshwar Temple. Hatkeshwar temple is one of the top tourist attractions in Vadnagar.

Hatkeshwar Mahadev is the family deity of Nagar Brahmins who were once a prominent community in Vadnagar, Gujarat. Build in the 17th century, the temple is believed to house the Swayambhu (self-manifestation of Shiva Lingam) in its inner sanctum. Other than the main Shiva temple, the temple complex houses a Swaminarayan temple and two Jain temples.

Hatkeshwar Mahadev Temple, Vadnagar has exquisite carvings that depict nine planets, dancing apsaras, flower motifs, scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharatha. The sculptures come to life as the worshipers place flowers and red tilak on them, making the entire atmosphere extremely pious.

Mehta ni Vav

Gujarat has a history of vavs (step-wells) in the state that provided drinking water and a cool relief in blistering months of summer in ancient times.

Mehta ni Vav is also known as Pancham Mehta ni Vav is one of the popular places to visit in Vadnagar, Gujarat. Although it is not well maintained, this 16th century, seven-storey ancient stepwell is located near Yagnyavalkya place. 

Other Vav in Gujarat are: Sevasi Vav, Vadodara | Adalaj ni vav, Gandhinagar | Rani ki vav, Patan.

Sharmishtha Lake Vadnagar

Although the lake looks like an urban lake now with a lakefront, a jogging track around it and some activities, Sharmishtha lake is an ancient lake built during the Solanki period. It was constructed by channelising water from the Kapila River. 

The archaeological records show that the habitants in the then Anandapur used water from this lake by making a kund called Nagdharo.

Chauta Adinath Jain Temple, Vadnagar 

Believed to be constructed over 1100 years ago during the Chalukya – Solanki dynasty, Chauta Adinath Derasar, Vadnagar draws many Jain pilgrims. It is believed that the chief deity of this Jain Derasar – lord Rishbhdev holds superpowers to fulfil the wishes of devotees. Beautiful designs, clean and peaceful atmosphere attracts everyone to visit here.

Vadnagar Railway Station

Vadnagar Railway Station is one of the important stations in the Mehsana district. The station is popular because Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi helped his father sell tea at this station. 

Vadnagar Railway Station is aesthetically designed using stone carvings. It is an extremely clean station with a tourist information centre. There is a lot of renovation underway and I happened to catch a glimpse of the same.

Tana Riri Garden

Tana Riri Garden is constructed in honour of two excellent singers of Vadnagar, Gujarat – Tana and Riri. these two sisters were Nagar sisters and daughters of Narshinh Mehta’s granddaughter – Shrimati Sharmishta. 

According to a legend, during the Mughal regime of Akbar, the great singer  Tansen was singing a Raag Deepak. This lead him to feel an incurable heat in his body and no one around was able to help him from this extreme pain. Tana and Riri cured Tansen by singing Raag Malhar and saving his life. 

Akbar was impressed by the talent of these girls and summoned them to his court. These two girls refused to come and committed suicide by drowning themselves in a well in Vadnagar. In their honour, a tomb was created in Vadnagar called Tana Riri Samadhi.

An annual classical music festival is organized by the Government of Gujarat called Tana Riri Festival in Vadnagar. In 2016, a new Guinness World Record at Tana Riri Festival in Vadnagar was completed as 640 Harmonium artists played the Indian National anthem together. 

Places to visit near Vadnagar

Vadnagar tourism is on the rise thanks to all these beautiful places. Visitors can plan and combine a trip to Vadnagar nearby places to utilize their day. Vadnagar to Patan is 65 km and a road trip can easily be combined. Vadnagar to Modhera Sun Temple is 60 km and even that is a great place to visit.

Best time to visit Vadnagar, Gujarat 

Vadnagar, Gujarat gets super hot during summers and it becomes difficult to move around as a tourist. The best and comfortable time to visit Vadnagar is in winter in the months of October to March.

How to Reach Vadnagar

By Air

The closest airport to Vadnagar is Ahmedabad that is 100 km away. One can book a private taxi or get a ticket for GSRTC bus.

By Train

Vadnagar has a train station but currently, only a few trains stop here. The best and nearest train station with ample transportation option is Ahmedabad.

By Road

Vadnagar has good public transport services. Most cities of Gujarat are connected to Vadnagar through state highways.

Sustainable tips for best places to visit in Vadnagar, Gujarat

• Respect the ancient sculptures by not sitting on them. 
• Dress conservatively in temples.
• Do not harm the sculptures by carving, writing or spitting on it.
• Dispose of garbage in the dustbins located at specific points.
• Respect the places which prohibit photography.

Disclosure: I was invited by Gujarat Tourism and the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India to explore Vadnagar. However, all opinions in this post are unbiased and of my own. Special thanks to the team for taking take of everything during this trip.

Disclaimer – This post contains affiliate links. It means it adds no extra cost to you if you book through the link but I get a referral bonus which helps me earn a little to keep this website up and running.

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The sun was already beating down by the time I reached Aihole village. The car crossed through many structures that resembled temple architecture and my car driver was quick to add that the entire village of Aihole hosts over 120 temples. Some temples have not survived the test of time while some are revived by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI). This gave me a feeling of Angkor Wat where there are many temples, all spread across a huge area.

History of Aihole 

Before going to Aihole, I couldn’t help but notice the number of questions for Aihole in UPSC. This led me to read more about Aihole history and Aihole inscriptions. According to the ancient inscriptions in Aihole, the village was earlier named “Ayyavole” and “Aryapura. I wondered who built Aihole and the answer was Ravikeerti, Commander and Minister of Pulakesin II in 634 AD.

The temples in Aihole were built during the period of Chalukyas is between the 7-8th century. The temples are dedicated to Hinduism and Jainism and have beautiful architecture. Maybe that is the reason why Aihole is called the cradle of Indian temple architecture. The architecture of the temple is predominantly Dravida with Nagara style.

Legend associated with Aihole

According to the legend, Bhagwan Parashuram after avenging the death of his father came down to the river Malaprabha and washed his blood-stained hands and battle axe. The blood and gore on the axe turned the river red. A woman saw this and screamed ‘Ayyo Hole’ meaning ‘Oh No Blood!’ in Kannada the local language. The dialect over the years turned Ayyo Hole into Aihole.

Aihole Architecture

It is said the architects and artists who built Aihole temples were still trying to perfect their preferred style of temple. There are a lot of places that are a reflection of many kinds of architecture. 

Like most Chalukyan architecture, the temples in Aihole are built cutting the rocks. In most areas of the Bagalkot district, red sandstone is prominent which is the rock used in this temple architecture. The towers of the temples were carved with a blind arch which was inherited from the North Indian style.

The Aihole Inscription

The Aihole Inscription is believed to have been composed by the Jain poet Ravikeerthi. The inscription dates back to 634 CE and is written in a combination of Sanskrit and the old Kannada script. 

It contains details of the achievements of Pulakesi II, especially his victory against Harshavardhana, the ruler of Northern India.

Temples of Aihole

There are many temples in Aihole complex overlooking a beautiful and manicured garden. This complex also houses an archeological museum.

Durga Temple

Aihole is famous for Durga temple. The Durga temple is horseshoe-shaped, incidentally named, not for the deity, but because there was a fort wall. Durga Temple is also known as Fortress Temple and was originally dedicated to Sun God.

Durga temple, Aihole is semi-circular in its plan. The back resembles the hind part of an elephant. The temple comprises a semicircular sanctum placed within a pillared hall and a square porch. The entire structure is placed within a larger semicircular cage-like structure.

Visitors have to climb steps from the south to get awed by the relief sculptures on the pillars and niches. There are sculptures of embracing couples like Asvamukhiyakshi, Surya and Chhaya, Narsimha, and Ardhanari. Other sculptures include Shiva, Nandi, Vishnu riding Garuda, Varaha, Harihara, and others. There are also depictions of Ramayana episodes on the pedestal of the porch.

Lad Khan Temple

The Lad Khan Temple is known by the name of a Muslim man who lived in the temple before the British Archaeologists drove him out. This is one of the oldest temples in Aihole, dating back to 450 AD. 

The Lad Khan temple has two mandapas that look like Shiva Linga. These mantapas are Mukha Mandapa and Sabha Mandapa. The Mukha Mandapa rests on twelve pillars while the pillars on which the Sabha Mantapa rests are arranged in two concentric squares. The pillars here have some interesting designs on them, such as the emblem of the Chalukyas, the boar, and a mirror, with the conch and wheel, representing the Varaha form of Vishnu, their tutelary deity.

The Archaeological Museum, Aihole

The Archaeological Museum is located within the Durga Temple complex in Aihole. The museum houses 381 antiquities mainly consisting of stone sculptures of Brahmanical, Jaina, and Buddhist faith, fragmentary carved architectural members, inscriptions, hero stones, sati stones, etc. These sculptures range in date from 6th century CE to 15th century CE. The museum is divided into six galleries and an open-air gallery. Out of 381 antiquities, 145 are displayed in six galleries inside the museum and open air gallery.

The huge open-air gallery has more than forty sculptures comprising mainly Herostones, Ganesh, Saptamatrikas, seated figures in the Chaitya arch, Jainas sculptures, Naga and Nagini figures dating from the 7th to 10th centuries of the Chalukyas of Badami and the Rashtrakutas, are displayed.

Gaudara Gudi

This early Chalukya temple stands on an elevated pedestal. It consists of an open rectangular pillared hall with a rectangular sanctum within. The roof is flat at the center and sloping on all four sides. The sanctum’s exterior walls have empty niches decorated with north Indian-style pediments. A Kannada inscription of the 8th century on a beam confirms its dedication to Maa Durga.

Other group of Aihole temples around the village

Ravana Phadi Cave

Ravana Phadi Cave temple was built in the sixth century. It has a rectangular shrine with two mantapas. There is an inner room where a Shiva Linga is established. There are large figures of Lord Shiva on the walls which also include the statue of Nataraja.

Group of Yeniar Shrines

The group of Yeniar shrines consists of eight temples that were built in the 12th century. Each temple has a porch along with a cellar and a hall. The temples were constructed on the banks of Malaprabha river.

Ramalinga Group of Temples

The main temple in this group is Ramalinga which is a trikutachala shrine. Out of these three, two have Shiva Linga and the third has the image of Goddess Parvati. This shrine was built in the 11th century AD. Along with these, there are two towers called Kadambanagara towers which was a temple form of architecture founded in the 4th century by Mayurasharma, founder of Kadamba dynasty.

Jyotirlinga Complex

There are 16 big and small temples in this complex. While most of them are ruined, they still have beautiful sculptures. There is a Vishnu temple here in Kalyana Chalukya style from the 11th century. Other temples in the complex are dedicated to Mahishamardini. Surya, Sangamanatha, Brahma as well as Parashuram.

Galaganatha Group of Temples

Galaganatha Group of Temples were built on the banks of Malaprabha river in which the main Shrine is Galaganatha which has the statue of Lord Shiva. The images of Ganga and Yamuna can be found at the entrance. The total number of temples in this group is 38 and besides Galaganatha, most of them are ruined.

Huchchappayana Matha

This temple is divided into two sections and sits in a huge manicured garden. Although when I went, the locals were resting in the complex and even were drying clothes on the structures.

This temple has sculptures on its exterior walls, columns, and inner ceiling. The door frame of the Garbhagriha is very well-wrought with Ganga and Yamuna images. There are also impressive figures of an amorous couple.

Aihole Timings

The temples can be visited from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm every day. If you are visiting with a guide, it will easily take up a full day in case you want to visit all the important temples and understand the sculptures. 

Aihole Ticket Price

Aihole entry fee is INR 35 for Indian Nationals and INR 300 for Foreign Nationals. There is no separate camera charge. 

How to Reach Aihole

Aihole has only a road network so it is easy to reach here by road. It does not have an airport or a railway station. The nearby railway stations are Bagalkot and Badami both located 34 km. Belgaum and Goa are the nearest airports located approximately 230km away from Aihole.

By Air

Aihole does not have an airport but the nearest airport is Belgaum and Goa which is 230km away from Aihole. Goa airport or Dabolim airport is an international airport that connects Goa from cities in India and abroad. One has to hire a taxi from the airport to reach Aihole. There are public buses available from Belgaum to reach Badami.

By Train

Aihole does not have a railway network but the nearest railway station is Bagalkot and Badami which is 34km away from Aihole. Bagalkot is well-connected with many cities though very few trains have a stop here.

By Road

Aihole does not have a bus station but buses come to nearby cities like Badami, Hubli, Bagalkot etc. Tourists can catch a taxi from there to reach Aihole. Pattadakal is connected with Aihole through National Highway No. 14.

Local transport in Aihole

Although Aihole is a village, the temples are located in many areas and it may be difficult to cover all of them on foot. It is best to hire a taxi or drive your own car. 

Where to Stay in Aihole

Aihole is a small village so there are no hotels or homestays. But Bagalkot has good accommodation options which are around 34km away from Aihole. Even Badami has good options. You can check out accommodation options from my post: Rock-cut Badami cave temples. Following are some of the options from Bagalkot.

Three Star-Hotels: Hotel Heritage Resort, Homestay Inn 

Budget Hotels: Hotel Priya International, Hotel Anugraha Deluxe, Hotel Chalukya Deluxe 

Best Time to Visit Aihole

The best time to visit the Aihole is October to March as the weather is very pleasant in these months and visitors can enjoy their time. The climate is mild to moderate cold in December and January. The period from April to September is hot and is not suitable to visit. Bagalkot receives less rainfall but is extremely hot and humid between June to September. However, you can expect lush green surroundings and gorgeous countryside during the monsoon.

Do’s and Don’ts to plan a trip 

• Aihole and its nearby areas are extremely hot and humid during the day. I visited in Mid-September which is monsoon and yet it was not pleasant. It is best to carry a cap/hat/stole and sunglasses. 
• Wear clothes that are loose, comfortable and sweat absorbing.
• Wear a pair of comfortable footwear as you will be walking a lot.
• Carry a bottle of water and some snacks for a quick hunger bite.
• Paying for Aiole entry fees by debit or credit cards comes with a discount as against cash.
• Photography and videography using drones or tripods is strictly prohibited at Aihole.

Sustainable tips for Aihole village

• Respect the ancient sculptures by not sitting on them. 
• Do not harm the sculptures by carving, writing or spitting on it.
• Dispose of garbage in the dustbins located at specific points.
• Treat these monuments with respect and do not use them for picnics.

Read More posts from Karnataka

• Aihole – The ancient temple town
• Mahakuta temples of Karnataka
• Rock-cut Badami cave temples
• All about Belgaum
• Things to do in Nirvana Beach, Kumta
• Coracle ride at Talakadu Beach
• Shivanasamudra Falls

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I had heard about the vibe and feel of different energy at Kamakhya temple Guwahati – something that was indescribable. So I went to take Kamakhya Devi blessings myself and I cannot recommend it enough for everyone to go!

Among the places to visit in Guwahati, visiting the Kamakhya mandir is a must!

About Kamakhya Temple Guwahati

The 9th century Kamakhya temple holds significance because it is one of the Shakti Peeths (significant shrines and pilgrimage destinations). The temple has a residing deity – Goddess Kamakhya, known to be a reincarnation of Goddess Durga. The temple is considered to be one of the most important Hindu pilgrimage spots in the country.

Kamakhya Devi Story

It revolves around the Hindu gods Shiva and Sati.

King Daksha, father of Sati, organized a great yajna, where he invited all the deities, gods and sages but consciously excluded his son-in-law Shiva to insult him.

Hurt by her father’s decision, Sati decided to visit her father and demand the reason for not inviting them. When she entered Daksha’s palace, she had to listen to the insults directed towards the Shiva. Unable to bear anything against her husband, a devastated Goddess Sati threw herself in the glowing sacred fire of yajna.

When Shiva came to know of what had happened, his anger knew no limits. Carrying his wife’s burnt corpse, he went on a rampage with his ‘Tandav‘ or the dance of destruction. While all other gods cowered in fear under Lord Shiva’s rage, Lord Vishnu using Sudarshan Chakra cut Sati’s body, in order to calm the aggrieved deity.

These pieces fell on earth at various places and came to be known as Shakti Peeths. All these 51 places are considered to be holy lands and pilgrimages.

Architecture of Kamakhya Temple

The temple consists of four chambers: one garbhagriha (inner sanctum) and three mandapas (pillared hall).

These mandapas are generally aligned from east to west. The temple has a beehive-like structure which is very characteristic of lower Assam. The Kamakhya temple essentially follows the Nagara style of architecture of North India. The sculptures are apparent mostly on the exterior walls as well as on the interior walls of the temple. A few sculptures also exist on the temple gates.

The western mandapa is large and rectangular and is not used by the general pilgrims for worship. The middle mandapa is square, with a small idol of the Goddess. The walls here contain sculpted images of Naranarayana, related inscriptions and other gods. The middle mandapa leads to the sanctum sanctorum of the temple.

Significance of Kamakhya Temple

The feminine divinity in Hinduism, Shakti (power), is considered to be the greatest creative force in the universe. Kamakhya is a celebration of this ‘shakti’ within every woman, the shakti to create life by giving birth.

The Kamakhya temple is associated with feminine sexuality, fertility and the very origin of all living beings which is why the deity Kamakhya Devi is fondly called the bleeding Goddess. The sexual organs of Shakti are present in the sanctum sanctorum and worshiped by devotees.

Most important Festivals and Celebrations around Kamakhya mandir

Ambubachi Mela is one of the most important festivals celebrated during the monsoon season. This takes place in mid-June which is the celebration of the yearly menstruation course of goddess Kamakhya. The temple is closed for 5 days and opens on the 6th day with grand fervor. It is said that the Brahmaputra river turns red during these 5 days.

Another annual celebration is the Manasha Puja. Durga Puja is also celebrated annually at Kamakhya during Navaratri in the autumn.

My experience at Kamakhya temple Guwahati

I reached the temple premises at 7:15 am, much before the opening of gates at 8:00am. Walking through the approach road surrounded by shops selling puja items, souvenirs and sweets to be offered, I refused to turn my neck towards the sides and ignored the calls of the shopkeepers. I walked straight to the temple.

I was not sure at this point as to what to expect while visiting the Kamakhya temple. The temple was already packed with devotees wanting to pay their respects to Maa Kamakhya.

There were clearly two queues (just like most temples) where one queue was paid also called ‘VIP Darshan’ and the other one was free. VIP Darshan queue is a paid queue wherein you can reach the inner temple. The fee is Rs. 500 per person and it takes between 2-3 hours to reach. The other queue is free and could take 5-6 hours to reach the inner sanctum. Since I was in a time crunch I chose the paid queue.

During the waiting time I couldn’t help but notice the number of goats in the temple premises.

These goats were brought here for tantric (black magic) purposes that is to sacrifice a life to appease the god in exchange of something desirable for the human being. I have absolutely detested this concept of exchange of life for a worldly pleasure and do not believe that it works – after all all lives exist on earth with God’s permission. There were baby goats and chickens with red tika on their forehead. There were dozens of pigeons with gulal (red powder) on their bodies fluttering around. I found this to be weird for a temple complex since such scenes are not commonly seen anywhere.

Moving at a snail pace, somewhere around 10am, that is 2 hours after the gates opened, I was finally close to reaching the inner sanctum or garbhagriha – the main part of the temple.

It is a small cave below the ground level. I climbed down steep rock steps in order to reach the garbhagriha. The steps width is small which made it possible for only two people to pass and the entire area was pitch dark. There were only a couple of lamps providing the light and I had to make my way to the deity.

The garbhagriha has no image or sculpture, but a Yoni or a vagina-shaped rock fissure which is the main deity.

It was completely covered with flowers and other offerings so I could not see its shape or tell if it resembled a vagina. People were allowed to touch this rock and women were encouraged to touch the rock by the priest.

This rock fissure was wet with a small pool of water and people touched it and then patted their forehead with it. I even saw a few take a quick sip from their hand. The fissure gets filled via an underground natural water spring.

I climbed back those steep steps to come out of the complex. I was in the inner sanctum for probably less than 2 minutes and I felt extremely claustrophobic and anxious because of the dark and crowd. No, I did not feel any different vibe or energy – just people pushing each other and the priests shouting instructions so that the crowd moves quicker just like I had experienced in Trimbakeshwar Temple.

Best time to visit Kamakhya Temple Guwahati

Month wise, Guwahati is pleasant during winters so it is best to visit then. Time wise, afternoons are the best to visit the temple to avoid the crowds.

The Kamakhya temple timings are open 8:00 am to 1:00 pm and 2:30 pm to 5:30 pm everyday except during Ambubachi festival.

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This guide covers the history, architecture and travel guide about the Chidambaram Nataraja Temple.

While on a work trip in Pondicherry, I happened to visit Chidambaram town.

It is then that I came to know about the Chidambaram Nataraja Temple and why it is considered important by the worshippers. 

The car driver dropped us near a barricade. We were supposed to walk along a fairly broad road which was selling all the puja essentials – flowers, incense sticks, coconuts, etc. We reached the main entry gate which opened into a huge campus. There were sculptures all around on the walls and many temples. I started my walk around the complex, appreciating the minute details of the fine carvings.

History of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple

The temple was constructed during the 10th Century when Chidambaram used to be the capital of the Chola dynasty. The Cholas considered Lord Shiva as their family deity. The notable contributions were by the Pallava, Chola, Pandya, Chera and Vijayanagara rulers during the periods of ancient and medieval history. 

The Nataraj temple has undergone damage, renovation, and expansion for many years. The present structure of the temple has its roots in the 12th and 13th centuries AD.

Architecture of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple

The temple complex of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple sprawls over an area of 45 acres. This is one of the rare temples where Lord Shiva is represented by an idol rather than the customary lingam. 

The architecture of the temple represents the link between arts and spirituality. Although Shiva is the main deity of the temple, it also represents major themes from Vaishnavism, Shaktism, and others with all due reverence. 

The Nataraja Temple is known for its attractive gopurams, carvings, five mandapams, and inscriptions. The four tall gopurams are decorated with 108 carved dance postures of Natya Shastra. There are five main principle sabhas in this temple, which are known as Chit Sabha, Kanaka Sabha, Deva Sabha, Nritya Sabha, and Raja Sabha.

The main Sanctum – Chit Sabha

The main idol of Nataraja resides in the sanctum known as Chit Sabha or the Hall of Consciousness. It is a rectangular wooden structure on the granite base with a gilded and unusually slanting roof. Garbhgriha houses the Nataraja idol and is approached from the side unlike from the front which is the case in all temples. Due to the side entrance, one can hardly see the idol or statue for a longer duration and also because it is covered in so many layers of clothes and flowers. 

Kanaka Sabha

This is the second most important sanctum in the temple complex. The daily rituals are conducted in the Kanaka Sabha of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple. The Kanaka Sabha is adorned by a gold-plated roof. The golden roof is made of 22,600 tiles representing the number of breaths of a human being on a day, and fixed with 72,000 golden nails representing the 72,000 visible and invisible nerves of a human body! The roof is having 9 ornamental conic heads (Kalasas), denoting 9 Entrances or Openings of the body.

Courtyards

There are five courtyards, representing five sheaths of a human body, kosas. 

Shivaganga Tirtha 

It is the main temple tank in the Chidambaram Nataraja Temple complex. It is located near the temple along the northern Gopuram. The reflection of the gopurams in the water looks beautiful. A pillared corridor goes along the water tank where one can rest, meditate or just marvel at the architecture.

Daily Puja at Chidambaram Temple

The daily Puja begins by bringing the Padukas or the footwear of the deity in a palanquin. There are 6 different pujas that are performed throughout the day. All these Pujas involve an Abhishek of the Lingam. The day closes with Padukas going back to the palanquin. The Abhishek schedule can be seen here.

The Chidambaram temple timings are 6 am to 12 noon and 5 pm to 10 pm every day of the year.

Other must-visit temples in Chidambaram

Chidambaran is a temple town and there are many important temples that are a must-visit other than Chidambaram Nataraja Temple. Some of them are

Thillai Kali Amman temple

Goddess Kali is the presiding deity in this temple. It is the second most visited temple in Chidambaram. ‘Thillai Kali’ is a deity in anger and hence the idol inside the temple has four faces.

Chathapuram Nathar Temple

Another Lord Shiva temple is the Chathapuram Nathar Temple. This temple is believed to work in granting wishes and that is why worshipers do stop here to pay their respects.

Thiruvetkalam temple

A temple of great historical and religious significance, Thiruvetkalam is believed to be located in the same spot where Lord Shiva battled and defeated Arjuna by breaking his bow during the battle. In the Thiruvetkalam temple, Lord Shiva is worshipped as Pasupateswara. 

Tirunelvayil

Also known as Sivapuri Uchinathar Temple, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, worshipped here as Uchinathar. 

Achalpuram Temple

In the village of Achalpuram, the Achalpuram temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The Shiva Lingam is entwined by a golden snake, the hood of which covers the Lingam. In this temple, Lord Shiva is worshipped as Sri Shivalokathyageshwar and as always, is accompanied by his consort Goddess Parvathi.

Is photography allowed in Chidambaram Nataraja Temple?

Yes, mobile photography and even DSLR photography is allowed for clicking the architecture and the water tank. Photography is not allowed in the main sanctum.

Tourist Attractions near Chidambaram

Pichavaram mangrove forest is a must-visit tourist attraction in Chidambaram other than the temples located only 30 km away from the town. It is a nature’s paradise with mangroves spread over 1100 hectares providing undulated natural views. The mangrove forest houses 20 different types of trees and 200 species of birds, crabs, turtles, and prawns, which makes it a perfect photography spot for wildlife enthusiasts. 

Pichavaram mangrove forest is one of the world’s largest mangrove forests. 

Shopping in Chidambaram

Like every temple town, Chidambaram has a lot to offer. Chidambaram souvenirs include idols, paintings, and posters of Lord Nataraja. These idols are handcrafted in various metals and suitable to be placed in your homes. Handcrafted toys, terracotta diyas and khadi materials are also available in plenty here. 

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